Linguistic barriers to logical reasoning: a new perspective on Aristotelian syllogisms

Abstract

Experimental studies investigating logical reasoning performance show very high error
rates of up to 80% and more. Previous research identified scalar inferences of the sentences
of logical arguments as a major error source. We present new analytical tools to quantify the
impact of scalar inferences on syllogistic reasoning. Our proposal builds on a new classification
of Aristotelian syllogisms and a closely linked classification of reasoning behaviors/strategies.
We argue that the variation in error rates across syllogistic reasoning tasks is in part due to
individual variation: reasoners follow different reasoning strategies and these strategies play
out differently for syllogisms of different classes.
Keywords: syllogisms, reasoning errors, individual variation, scalar inferences.